diff --git a/OutlineKit/Sources/OutlineKit/Collaboration/HocuspocusConnection.swift b/OutlineKit/Sources/OutlineKit/Collaboration/HocuspocusConnection.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..962b24b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/OutlineKit/Sources/OutlineKit/Collaboration/HocuspocusConnection.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+import Foundation
+
+/// Connection lifecycle for Outline's Hocuspocus collaboration socket
+/// (`wss://<host>/collaboration/document.<id>`) — see `docs/ARCHITECTURE.md`
+/// section 2. This is transport only: it opens the socket, authenticates,
+/// and hands raw binary frames to a handler. It does **not** speak the Yjs
+/// sync/awareness wire protocol or touch a `Y.Doc` — that needs the YSwift
+/// package (not yet added to this project; add it via Xcode's Package
+/// Dependencies, pointed at `https://github.com/y-crdt/yswift`, and confirm
+/// it resolves/builds before writing anything on top of this) plus the
+/// ProseMirror⇄markdown schema mapping described in ARCHITECTURE.md
+/// section 4, neither of which exist yet. Do not treat this class as "collab
+/// is working" — it's the socket handshake only.
+public actor HocuspocusConnection {
+    public enum State: Equatable, Sendable {
+        case disconnected
+        case connecting
+        case connected
+        case failed(String)
+    }
+
+    public private(set) var state: State = .disconnected
+
+    private let documentId: String
+    private let baseURL: URL
+    private let tokenStore: TokenStoring
+    private var task: URLSessionWebSocketTask?
+    private var receiveLoopTask: Task<Void, Never>?
+    private var onFrame: (@Sendable (Data) -> Void)?
+
+    public init(documentId: String, baseURL: URL, tokenStore: TokenStoring) {
+        self.documentId = documentId
+        self.baseURL = baseURL
+        self.tokenStore = tokenStore
+    }
+
+    /// `onFrame` is called for every binary frame received, on an arbitrary
+    /// executor — callers that touch UI state must hop back to `@MainActor`
+    /// themselves.
+    public func connect(onFrame: @escaping @Sendable (Data) -> Void) {
+        guard state != .connected, state != .connecting else { return }
+        self.onFrame = onFrame
+
+        guard let token = try? tokenStore.token(), let wsURL = webSocketURL() else {
+            state = .failed("Missing token or invalid server URL.")
+            return
+        }
+
+        state = .connecting
+        var request = URLRequest(url: wsURL)
+        request.setValue("Bearer \(token)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization")
+
+        let session = URLSession(configuration: .default)
+        let webSocketTask = session.webSocketTask(with: request)
+        task = webSocketTask
+        webSocketTask.resume()
+        state = .connected
+
+        receiveLoopTask = Task { [weak self] in
+            await self?.receiveLoop()
+        }
+    }
+
+    public func disconnect() {
+        receiveLoopTask?.cancel()
+        receiveLoopTask = nil
+        task?.cancel(with: .goingAway, reason: nil)
+        task = nil
+        state = .disconnected
+    }
+
+    public func send(_ data: Data) async throws {
+        guard let task else { return }
+        try await task.send(.data(data))
+    }
+
+    private func receiveLoop() async {
+        guard let task else { return }
+        while !Task.isCancelled {
+            do {
+                let message = try await task.receive()
+                switch message {
+                case .data(let data):
+                    onFrame?(data)
+                case .string(let text):
+                    onFrame?(Data(text.utf8))
+                @unknown default:
+                    break
+                }
+            } catch {
+                state = .failed(error.localizedDescription)
+                return
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func webSocketURL() -> URL? {
+        guard var components = URLComponents(url: baseURL, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: false) else { return nil }
+        components.scheme = components.scheme == "http" ? "ws" : "wss"
+        components.path = "/collaboration/document.\(documentId)"
+        return components.url
+    }
+}